Investigatory Project on Fruits
Investigatory Project - A Survey of different types of Fruits
Introduction : The ripened ovary of a flower is called fruit. After fertilization ovary develops into fruits and ovule develops into seeds. The fruits which develop from the ovary are called “true fruits”. Eg. Mango, bean etc. But in some case the fruits develop from other part of the flower except the ovary. They are called "false fruits” or Pseudocarp. Eg. Apple, cashew etc. The fruit wall is called pericarp. In fleshy fruit pericarp has 3 layers epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. On the basis of origin and development the fruits are classified into three types. The three types of those fruits are simple fruits, aggregate fruits and multiple fruits. The study of fruits and its cultivation is called Pomology, which is a branch of Horticulture.
Materials and Methods : The following materials were collected first – bags, scissors, blade, tag and knife. Different local areas were selected for this study. The collection trips were arranged in different times of the year for fruit collection. The collected materials were tagged separately and kept in a bag for further studies. Then identified the plants and assessed the use of each fruit. All the details about the collected fruits were studied with the help of authentic text books.
Observation and Results : The collected fruits were observed carefully and identified the different types of fruits and then categorized them accordingly. Uses of each fruits were also recorded separately as follows.
1. Mango
Botanical Name – Mangifera Indica
Type of Fruit – True of fruit drupe
Morphology of edible part – Mesocarp
2. Guava
Botanical Name – Psidium Guayava
Type of Fruit – True Berry
Morphology of edible part – Thalamus and Pericarp
3. Tamarind
Botanical Name – Tamarindus Indica
Type of Fruit – True Berry
Morphology of edible part – Seed Covering
4. Papaya
Botanical Name – Carica Papaya
Type of Fruit – True Berry
Morphology of edible part – Mesocarp
5. Pine Apple
Botanical Name – Ananas Comosus
Type of Fruit – True Berry
Morphology of edible part – Fleshy Pericarp
6. Cashew Nut
Botanical Name – Anacardium Occidentale
Type of Fruit – False Fruit
Morphology of edible part – Thalamus
7. Grape
Botanical Name – Vitis Vinifera
Type of Fruit – True Fruit
Morphology of edible part – Mesocarp
8. Banana
Botanical Name – Musa Paradisiaca
Type of Fruit – True Fruit
Morphology of edible part – Mesocarp
9. Tomato
Botanical Name – Lycopersicon Esculentum
Type of Fruit – True Fruit
Morphology of edible part – Mesocarp and Placenta
10. Orange
Botanical Name – Citrus Aurentium
Type of Fruit – True Fruit
Morphology of edible part – Juicy Placental hairs
11. Wild Jack Fruit
Botanical Name – Artocarpus Hirsuta
Type of Fruit – True Fruit
Morphology of edible part – Perianth Lobes
12. Jack Fruit
Botanical Name – Artocarpus Heterophylla
Type of Fruit – True Fruit
Morphology of edible part – Perianth Lobes
13. Apple
Botanical Name – Pyrus Malus
Type of Fruit – False Fruit
Morphology of edible part – Thalamus
Discussions and Conclusions : In this study an attempt has been made to study the nature, structure, functions and uses of each fruit. Most of the fruits were seasonal. Types of fruits (True or false), their local names and scientific names were also studied and recorded. The fruit includes berries (Grapes, banana & tomato), hesperidium (Orange), Drupe (Mango), Nut (Anacardium), sorosis (Jackfruit) and etaerio of berries (Custard apple).
The edible parts of fruits were different in different fruits. In mango and custard apple, mesocarp were edible. In apple, fleshy thalamus were edible. The present study of different fruits had revealed the fact that the diversity of nature was directly reflected in these edible fruits.
Viva Questions about A Survey of different types of
Fruits
1. Distinguish between true fruits and false fruits.
Ans: Fruits that develop from the ovary are called true fruits and fruits that develop from any part of flower except ovary are called false fruit.
2. Name a false fruit
Ans: Apple
3. Name a dry indehiscent fruit
Ans: Cashew nut
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