Investigatory Project on Economic Importance of Plant Groups
A STUDY OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF VARIOUS PLANT GROUPS (Angiosperms,
Gymnosperms, Pteridophytes, Bryophytes, Algae and Fungi)
Introduction
The plants provide us food, clothing and shelter, the three primary necessities of man. In addition to these primary necessities, they provide us medicines, vitamins, minerals and several other commercial products. Clothing is fulfilled by fibre - yielding plants. To meet an ever - increasing demand for plants, the application knowledge of Botany has been considered to be of great importance for better utilization of plant products. The present study aims to collect the economically important plants and study their economic importance.
Materials and Methods
Selected different local areas for plant collection (name of the local area). The materials like Vasculum, pruning shears, scissors, tag, knife etc were collected. The field trips were organised in different time of the year. The collected materials were kept in a vasculum. Identified the plants and assessed the economic value of each plant using reference books.
Observation and Results
The collected plants were recorded in a tabular column
No: |
Common Name |
Scientific Name |
Morphology of useful parts |
Uses |
Angiosperms |
||||
1 |
Coconut Palm |
Cocos nucifera |
Fruits |
Food, fibre, oil |
2 |
Pepper |
Piper nigrum |
Fruits |
Spice |
3 |
Cotton |
Gossypium herbaceum |
Fibre |
Cloth |
4 |
Teak |
Tectona grandis |
Timber |
Furniture |
5 |
Jack tree |
Artocarpus heterophylla |
Timber and fruits |
Furniture and food |
6 |
Cashew tree |
Anacardium occidentale |
Seeds and fruits |
Food |
7 |
Tamarind |
Tamarindus indica |
Fruits |
Food |
8 |
Pineapple |
Ananas comosus |
Fruits |
Food |
9 |
Mango tree |
Mangifera indica |
Fruits |
Food |
10 |
Banana plant |
Musa paradisiaca |
Fruits |
Food |
11 |
Guava |
Psidium guayava |
Fruits |
Food |
12 |
Rice |
Oryza sativa |
Seeds |
Food |
13 |
Tulsi |
Oscimum sanctum |
Leaves |
Medicinal |
14 |
Papaya |
Carica papaya |
Fruits |
Medicinal |
15 |
Asparagus |
Asparagus officinalis |
Root |
Medicinal |
Gymnosperm |
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16 |
Pine tree |
Pinus excelsa |
Timber |
Furniture, turpentine |
Pteridophyte |
||||
17 |
Lycopodium (club moss) |
Lycopodium clavatum |
Entire plant |
Medicine |
Bryophyte |
||||
18 |
Marchantia |
Marchantia palmata |
Thallus |
Jaundice |
Algae |
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19 |
Laminaria |
Laminaria japonica |
Thallus |
Medicine |
Fungi |
||||
20 |
Mushroom |
Morchella esculenta |
Basidiocarp |
Food |
Discussions and Conclusions
In the present study, the economic importance of collected plant groups such as Angiosperms, Gymnosperm, Pteridophyte, Bryophyte, AIgae and Fungi were noted. The economic values of Angiosperms were very high compared with the other plant groups.
Viva Questions and Answers
1. What is the botanical name of Tulsi?
Oscimum sanctum
2. Which is the useful part of Mushroom?
Basidiocarp
3. What is the use of Marchantia?
Treatment of Jaundice
References
1. Kochhar. S. L., Economic Botany in the Tropics. Macmillan India Limited, New Delhi.
2. Pandey. B. P., Economic Botany, S. Chand Company, New Delhi
3. Albert F. Hill, Economic Botany, TATA Mc. Graw Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
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